having

AUXILIARY VERB USES 助动词用法

In spoken English, forms of have are often shortened, for example I have is shortened to I've and has not is shortened to hasn't.
在英语口语中 have 经常用缩略形式，如 I have 略作 I've，has not 略作 hasn't。

1. AUX (have 和 has 与过去分词连用构成动词的现在完成时)
   You use the forms have and has with a past participle to form the present perfect tense of verbs.
   1. Alex has already gone...
      亚历克斯已经走了。
   2. I've just seen a play that I can highly recommend...
      我刚看了一场话剧，我强烈推荐。
   3. My term hasn't finished yet...
      我的任期还没有满。
   4. What have you found so far?...
      你到目前为止发现了什么？
   5. This is something which you might have forgotten...
      这事儿你可能已经忘记了。
   6. Frankie hasn't been feeling well for a long time.
      弗朗姬很长时间以来一直感觉不舒服。
2. AUX (had 与过去分词连用构成动词的过去完成时)
   You use the form had with a past participle to form the past perfect tense of verbs.
   1. When I met her, she had just returned from a job interview...
      我遇见她时，她刚参加完一场求职面试回来。
   2. By Friday at 5:30 p.m., I still hadn't heard from Lund...
      直到周五下午5点半，我仍未收到伦德的消息。
   3. Miss Windham said she had spoken to them over the weekend.
      温德姆小姐说她周末已经和他们谈过了。
3. AUX (用于附加疑问句中)
   Have is used in question tags.
   1. You haven't sent her away, have you?...
      你还没有把她送走，是吗？
   2. It's happened, hasn't it?...
      这事儿已经发生了，是吗？
   3. They hadn't invented sequencers back in those days, had they?
      那时他们还没有发明出测序仪，是吧？
4. AUX (用于对带有 have,has 或 had 的句子作肯定或否定回答)
   You use have when you are confirming or contradicting a statement containing 'have', 'has', or 'had', or answering a question.
   1. 'You'd never seen the Marilyn Monroe film?' — 'No I hadn't.'...
      “你从未看过玛丽莲·梦露的电影？”“对，没有。”
   2. 'Have you been to York before?' — 'Yes we have.'
      “你们以前去过约克吗？”“是的，去过。”
5. AUX （having 和过去分词连用，所引导的分句中提到的动作发生在另一个动作开始之前）
   The form having with a past participle can be used to introduce a clause in which you mention an action which had already happened before another action began.
   1. He arrived in San Francisco, having left New Jersey on January 19th...
      1月19日离开新泽西后，他到了旧金山。
   2. Having been told by his doctor that he was overweight, he's eating all the fibre and fruit he can.
      被医生告知超重后，他一直拼命地吃高纤维食物和水果。

USED WITH NOUNS DESCRIBING ACTIONS 与描述动作的名词连用

Have is used in combination with a wide range of nouns, where the meaning of the combination is mostly given by the noun.
have 可以和很多名词连用，其意思主要由名词决定。

1. VERB （have 后接名词代替该名词作动词的用法，描述某一动作或事件）
   You can use have followed by a noun to talk about an action or event, when it would be possible to use the same word as a verb. For example, you can say 'I had a look at the photos' instead of 'I looked at the photos.'
   1. I went out and had a walk around...
      我出去在周围散了一会儿步。
   2. She rested for a while, then had a wash and changed her clothes...
      她休息了一会儿，然后洗了洗，换了身衣服。
   3. I'll have a think about that...
      我会考虑考虑的。
   4. Sit down and have a good cry...
      坐下来好好哭一场。
   5. They were having a long wait for someone to serve them.
      他们等服务员过来等了很长时间。
2. VERB （在英语口语或书面语中，have可以和很多名词连用以代替某个具体的动词，描述某一动作或事件）
   In normal spoken or written English, people use have with a wide range of nouns to talk about actions and events, often instead of a more specific verb. For example people are more likely to say 'we had ice cream' or 'he's had a shock' than 'we ate ice cream', or 'he's suffered a shock'.
   1. Come and have a meal with us tonight...
      今晚来和我们一起吃饭吧。
   2. We will be having a meeting to decide what to do...
      我们准备开个会来决定怎么办。
   3. She had an operation on her knee at the clinic...
      她在诊所做了个膝盖手术。
   4. His visit had a great effect on them.
      他的来访对他们产生了巨大影响。

OTHER VERB USES AND PHRASES 其他动词用法和短语

For meanings 1-4, people often use have got in spoken British English or have gotten in spoken American English, instead of have. In this case, have is pronounced as an auxiliary verb. For more information and examples of the use of ‘have got’ and ‘have gotten’, see got.
在义项1-4中，英国英语口语中常用 have got 代替 have，美国英语口语中则常用 have gotten。这时，have 的发音与作助动词时相同。有关 have got 和 have gotten 的用法详情和例证见 got。

1. VERB 有;拥有
   You use have to say that someone or something owns a particular thing, or when you are mentioning one of their qualities or characteristics.
   1. Oscar had a new bicycle...
      奥斯卡有一辆新自行车。
   2. I want to have my own business...
      我想自己创业。
   3. She had no job and no money...
      她既没有工作又没有钱。
   4. You have beautiful eyes...
      你有一双美丽的眼睛。
   5. Her house had a balcony...
      她家房子有一个阳台。
   6. Do you have any brothers and sisters?...
      你有兄弟姐妹吗？
   7. I have a good friend who's a teacher...
      我有一个当教师的好朋友。
   8. I have no doubt at all in my own mind about this...
      我自己心里对此没有任何疑问。
   9. I just had a feeling that it was Santero on the telephone...
      我隐隐觉得打电话的是桑特罗。
   10. Have you any valuables anywhere else in the house?...
       你房子里其他地方还有贵重物品吗？
   11. I have my microphone with me.
       我身上带着麦克风。
2. VERB 有…要（做）；必须（做）
   If you have something to do, you are responsible for doing it or must do it.
   1. He had plenty of work to do...
      他有很多工作要做。
   2. I have some important calls to make.
      我要打几个重要的电话。
3. VERB （用于代替 there is, 表示某事物存在或发生了某事）
   You can use have instead of 'there is' to say that something exists or happens. For example, you can say 'you have no alternative' instead of 'there is no alternative', or 'he had a good view from his window' instead of 'there was a good view from his window'.
   1. He had two tenants living with him...
      有两位房客和他同住。
   2. We haven't any shops on the island...
      我们岛上什么店铺都没有。
   3. First we had clock-radios, now there's the clock-radio-telephone...
      我们先是有了能显示时间的收音机，现在又有了带有时钟、收音机功能的电话机。
   4. You have a lot of people that are very upset with what happened.
      有很多人对所发生的事感到很不安。
4. VERB （使）保持;（使）处于
   If you have something such as a part of your body in a particular position or state, it is in that position or state.
   1. Mary had her eyes closed...
      玛丽双目紧闭。
   2. They had the curtains open...
      他们开着窗帘。
   3. He had his shirt buttoned...
      他扣上了衬衫的扣子。
   4. As I was working, I had the radio on...
      我工作时开着收音机。
   5. He had his hand on Maria's shoulder.
      他把一只手搭在玛丽亚的肩上。
5. VERB 请人做;让人做
   If you have something done, someone does it for you or you arrange for it to be done.
   1. I had your rooms cleaned and aired...
      我请人打扫了你的房间并通了风。
   2. They had him killed...
      他们派人干掉了他。
   3. You've had your hair cut, it looks great...
      你理发了，看起来很棒。
   4. I don't think most nine-year-olds have their teeth brushed.
      我想大多数9岁的孩子不会让别人帮着刷牙。
6. VERB 遭遇（不愉快的事）
   If someone has something unpleasant happen to them, it happens to them.
   1. We had our money stolen...
      我们的钱被偷了。
   2. The dance hall once even had its roof blown off in World War II.
      这个舞厅的屋顶甚至在第二次世界大战中被炸飞过。
7. VERB 劝说;让;命令
   If you have someone do something, you persuade, cause, or order them to do it.
   1. If you happen to talk to him, have him call me...
      如果你碰巧能和他说话，让他给我打个电话。
   2. The bridge is not as impressive as some guides would have you believe...
      这座大桥并不像有些导游说的那么雄伟。
   3. Mr Gower had had us all working so hard.
      高尔先生曾让我们大家都拼命干活。
8. VERB 抓住（某人身体的某部位）
   If someone has you by a part of your body, they are holding you there and they are trying to hurt you or force you to go somewhere.
   1. When the police came, Larry had him by the ear and was beating his head against the pavement.
      警方赶到时，拉里正揪着他的耳朵，把他的头往人行道上撞。
9. VERB （从某人那里）得到
   If you have something from someone, they give it to you.
   1. You can have my ticket...
      我可以把我的票给你。
   2. Can I have your name please?...
      请告诉我你的名字好吗？
   3. We have had some help from the Government...
      我们得到了政府的一些帮助。
   4. I had comments from people in all age groups.
      我听取了各年龄段人们的意见。
10. VERB 患有（疾病、残疾）
    If you have an illness or disability, you suffer from it.
    1. I had a headache...
       我头疼。
    2. He might be having a heart attack...
       他可能是心脏病发作。
    3. She has epilepsy.
       她患有癫痫。
11. VERB 生（孩子）/怀（孩子）
    If a woman has a baby, she gives birth to it. If she is having a baby, she is pregnant.
    1. My wife has just had a baby boy...
       我妻子刚生了个男孩。
    2. She's having another baby.
       她又怀上孩子了。
12. VERB 不允许;不容忍
    You can use have in expressions such as 'I won't have it' or 'I'm not having that', to mean that you will not allow or put up with something.
    1. She wanted to be alone. They wouldn't have it...
       她想一个人呆着。他们不允许。
    2. I'm not having any of that nonsense...
       我不想听那些废话。
    3. I will not have the likes of you dragging down my reputation.
       我不会让你们这些人败坏我的名声。
13. PHRASE 根据谣传/传说
    You can use has it in expressions such as 'rumour has it that' or 'as legend has it' when you are quoting something that you have heard, but you do not necessarily think it is true.
    1. Rumour has it that tickets were being sold for £300...
       据谣传，票卖到了300英镑。
    2. He could not possibly have been poisoned as popular legend has it.
       他不可能像民间传说的那样被下了毒。
14. PHRASE 跟…过不去;总想找…的茬儿
    If someone has it in for you, they do not like you and they want to make life difficult for you.
    1. He's always had it in for the Dawkins family.
       他老是跟道金斯一家过不去。
15. PHRASE 深藏不露;有两下子
    If you have it in you, you have abilities and skills which you do not usually use and which only show themselves in a difficult situation.
    1. 'You were brilliant!' he said. 'I didn't know you had it in you.'
       “你真厉害！”他说，“我不知道你还有这两下子。”
    2. He has it in him to succeed.
       他具备成功的潜质。
16. PHR-RECIP 和…发生性关系
    To have it off with someone or have it away with someone means to have sex with them.
    1. He reckons she's having it off with the gardener.
       他认为她和园丁有一腿。
17. PHRASE 捉弄;戏弄
    If you are having someone on, you are pretending that something is true when it is not true, for example as a joke or in order to tease them.
    1. Malone's eyes widened. 'You're having me on, Liam.'
       马隆瞪大了双眼。“你在戏弄我吧，利亚姆。”
18. PHRASE 和…讲个明白;和…争论出个结果
    If you have it out or have things out with someone, you discuss a problem or disagreement very openly with them, even if it means having an argument, because you think this is the best way to solve the problem.
    1. Why not have it out with your critic, discuss the whole thing face to face?
       为什么不和批评你的人讲个明白，面对面地把整件事情谈一谈呢？
19. to be had → see: had

MODAL PHRASES 情态动词短语

1. PHR-MODAL 需要;必须;不得不
   You use have to when you are saying that something is necessary or required, or must happen. If you do not have to do something, it is not necessary or required.
   1. He had to go to Germany...
      他不得不去德国。
   2. We'll have to find a taxi...
      我们需要找辆出租车。
   3. You have to be careful what you say on telly...
      在电视上说话时你必须很谨慎。
   4. They didn't have to pay tax.
      他们不必交税。
2. PHR-MODAL 肯定;一定
   You can use have to in order to say that you feel certain that something is true or will happen.
   1. There has to be some kind of way out...
      一定会有某种解决办法的。
   2. That has to be the biggest lie ever told.
      那肯定是有史以来最大的谎言。

1. I am not having you and him in cahoots against me.
   我不会让你和他勾结起来害我的。
2. They had delayed having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers
   为了那个通常的原因——创立自己的事业，他们推迟了要孩子。
3. The soldiers were diagnosed as having flu
   这些士兵经诊断患了流感。
4. Having begun my life in a children's home I have great empathy with the little ones.
   由于从小生活在儿童院，我对小家伙们产生了强烈的共鸣。
5. I can open other applications without having to exit WordPerfect.
   我不必退出WordPerfect程序就可以打开其他应用程序。
6. Having spent his rich wife's fortune, the Major ended up in a debtors 'prison.
   花光了他有钱老婆的财产之后，这位少校最后被关进了债务人监狱。
7. He suspected that deep down, she admired him for having the gumption to disagree with her.
   他认为，在内心深处她十分佩服他有勇气和她唱反调。
8. One of the worst hardships is having so little time to spend with one's family.
   最大的痛苦之一是几乎没有时间和家人在一起。
9. They were having a long wait for someone to serve them.
   他们等服务员过来等了很长时间。
10. She's having another baby.
    她又怀上孩子了。
11. He reckons she's having it off with the gardener.
    他认为她和园丁有一腿。
12. I'm sick of your having hysterics, okay?
    我受够了你的歇斯底里，知道吗？
13. Having identified the problem, the question arises of how to overcome it.
    发现问题后，如何克服它的问题又出现了。
14. The presence of his immediate family is obviously having a calming effect on him.
    他的直系亲属都在场，这显然起到了让他镇定的作用。
15. I immediately regretted having said this — I could have kicked myself.
    我一说完这话就后悔了——我都想抽自己。
16. I do think about having children, maybe when I'm 40
    我的确在考虑要孩子的问题，也许等到我40岁吧。
17. It was plain to him that I was having a nervous breakdown
    他能明显地看出我快要精神崩溃了。
18. He was pleased with himself for having remembered her name
    他为自己记住了她的名字得意起来。
19. We have grown accustomed to having our ears assailed by mindless cursing and profanities.
    我们已经渐渐对那些无礼的诅咒和谩骂习以为常了。
20. It was just a question of having the time to readjust.
    这只是个需要时间重新适应的问题。
21. We are having to re-educate the public very quickly about something they have always taken for granted.
    我们现在不得不尽快对公众进行再教育，因为他们一直都认为这是理所当然的。
22. She's having a baby in October.
    她将在10月生孩子。
23. I'm used to having my sleep interrupted
    我习惯了睡觉时被吵醒。
24. I want to say how really delighted I am that you're having a baby
    我想说你怀孕了我有多高兴。
25. Please excuse me for having offended you just now.
    刚才冒犯了你，请原谅。
26. I've had enough of your insolence, and I'm having no more.
    我受够了你的侮辱，不能再容忍了。
27. I regretted having blamed her unjustly.
    我懊悔不该错怪了她。
28. I congratulated him on having passed the examination.
    他考试及格，我向他致贺。
29. It's time for having a rest.
    该休息一会儿了。